CPC National Collection Plant Profile
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Malacothamnus clementinus
Family: |
Malvaceae |
Common Name: |
San Clemente Island bush-mallow |
Author: |
(Munz & Johnston) Kearney |
Growth Habit: |
Subshrub, Shrub |
CPC
Number: |
2781 |
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Primary
custodian for this plant in the CPC National Collection of Endangered
Plants is: |
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Malacothamnus clementinus
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Malacothamnus clementinus, an evergreen shrub, is a member of the mallow family (Malvaceae). It has numerous ascending branches with large, hairy lobed leaves and produces inflorescences of clustered, pink flowers. M. clementinus is found on sedimentary rock walls and ridges of San Clemente Island, Los Angeles County (CDFG 2002). Introduction of goats to San Clemente Island in the early 1800's has essentially decimated this species (Mohlenbrook 1983). M. clementinus was listed as endangered in August of 1977 (USFWS 1977).
Distribution
& Occurrence |
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State Range
Habitat
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Remaining populations of Malacothamnus clementinus are restricted to steep slopes and cliffs (CDFG 2002). |
Distribution
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Malacothamnus clementinus is endemic to San Clemente Island, part of the Channel Islands, California (USFWS 1977). |
Number Left
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The population for Malacothamnus clementinus is so small that it still remains endangered (CDFG 2002). |
State/Area
Protection
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State/Area |
Rank |
Status |
Date |
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California |
S1.1 |
1 |
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Conservation,
Ecology & Research |
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Ecological
Relationships
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Ecological relationships are unknown. |
Threats
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The introduction of alien herbivores more than a century ago has had dramatic negative effects on plant community composition on all of the Channel Islands. These effects include the reduction of native plant cover, density and biomass (USFWS 2000). Intensive herbivory has also facilitated the spread of non-native plants and degraded the soil structure causing severe erosion and the destruction of seed banks (USFWS 2000).
Malacothamnus clementinus habitat is in an area used by the U.S. Navy as a bombing impact zone. This has resulted in increased erosion and the potential for a fire threat (CDFG 2002). |
Current Research Summary
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Rancho Santa Ana Botanic Gardens, Claremont, California has collected specimens of this species for propagation (USFWS 2001). |
Current Management Summary
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Since the U.S. Navy has removed goats, as a part of its Feral Animal Removal Program, the general condition of native species has improved (CDFG 2002). |
Research Management Needs
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Protection from further herbivory, erosion and fire is necessary. Because this species is critically endangered, information on reproductive biology and germination requirements will greatly aid in conservation efforts. |
Ex Situ Needs
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Books (Single Authors)
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Mohlenbrock, R.H. 1983. Where have all the wildflowers gone? A region-by-region guide to threatened or endangered U.S. wildflowers. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co. Inc. 239p.
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Munz, P.A. 1974. A flora of southern California. Berkeley: Univ. California Press. 1086p.
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Skinner, M.W.; Pavlik, B.M. 1997. Inventory of rare and endangered vascular plants of California: Electronic Inventory Update of 1994, 5th edition. Sacramento: California Native Plant Society.
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Smith, J.P.; Berg, K. 1988. California native plant society's inventory of rare and endangered vascular plants of California. Sacramento: California Native Plant Society. 168p.
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Books (Sections)
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Kartesz, J.T. 1999. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the U.S., Canada, and Greenland. In: Kartesz, J.T.; Meacham, C.A., editors. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden. Chapel Hill, NC.
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Electronic Sources
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CDFG. (2002). California's Plants and Animals, Threatened and Endangered Plants. List and Species Accounts. California Department of Fish and Game, Habitat Conservation Planning Branch. http://www.dfg.ca.gov/hcpb/species/t_e_spp/teplant/teplanta.shtml. Accessed: 2002.
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Journal Articles
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Benesh, D.L.; Elisens, W.J. 1999. Morphological variation in Malacothamnus fasciculatus (Torrey & A. Gray) E. Greene (Malvaceae) and related species. Madrono. 46, 3: 142-152.
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USFWS. 1976. Proposed Endangered Status for 1700 U.S. Plants. Federal Register. 41: 24523-24572.
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USFWS. 1977. Ecosystem Preservation: Seven of San Clemente Island's Endemic Animals, Plants Listed. Endangered Species Technical Bulletin. 2, 9: 4-5.
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USFWS. 1977. Endangered Listing of Seven California Channel Island Animals and Plants. Federal Register. 42, 155: 40682-40685.
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Reports
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Sanguamphai. 1989. 1988 Annual Report on the Status of California's State Listed Threatened and Endangered Plants and Animals. State of California, Department of Fish and Game.
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USFWS. 2000. Thirteen plant taxa from the northern Channel Islands Recovery Plan. Portland, Oregon: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service, Region 1. p.93.
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This
profile was updated on 3/4/2010 |
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