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Conserving and restoring
America's native plants |
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CPC National Collection Plant Profile
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Iliamna rivularis var. rivularis
| Family: |
Malvaceae (Mallow Family) |
| Common Names: |
Kankakee globe-mallow, Peter's Mountain mallow, streambank wild hollyhock |
| Taxon Synonyms: |
Iliamna acerifolia, Iliamna corei, Iliamna remota, Phymosia remota, Sphaeralcea rivularis |
| Author: |
Greene |
| Growth
Habit: |
Perennial |
| CPC
Number: |
2310 |
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| Primary
custodian for this plant in the CPC National Collection of Endangered
Plants is: |
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| Dawn M. Gerlica contributed to this Plant Profile. |
Iliamna rivularis var. rivularis
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The Kankakee globe-mallow was first described in 1906, and was originally found on an island in the Kankakee River in Illinois. In the 1920's it was recognized that this species was in danger of extinction, so seeds were collected and reportedly dispersed along railways in Illinois, Indiana, and Virginia. Since that time, populations have established and generally increased. This species was not known from Virginia before the 1920's, so it is theorized that it is there as a result of human-facilitated dispersal (Stewart and Porter 1995; Stewart et al. 1996).
There are eight species in the Iliamna genus, all of them native to North America. Six are found west of the Mississippi River, and two east. Iliamna rivularis var. rivularis (or Iliamna remota, as it is considered by some) and Iliamna corei are the two species east of the Mississippi, and both are considered rare and endangered.
This species grows to a height of 2 meters, with leaves that are shallowly 5- to 7-lobed, 15-20 cm long and nearly as wide. This globe-mallow produces fragrant, rose-purple flowers that are 4-6 cm in diameter. (Greene 1906)
| Distribution
& Occurrence |
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State Range
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Colorado
Illinois
Indiana
West Virginia |
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Habitat
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Found along riverbanks, as well as many disturbed sites, such as railroad rights-of-way and on dry banks, in old fields, and in open woods. |
Distribution
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Kartesz (1999) shows this species in a number of northwestern states in the U.S., as well as two provinces in Canada. All other sources recognize this species as Iliamna remota, found in only the states of Illinois, Indiana, and West Virginia. |
Number Left
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Unknown. There is an ongoing debate over the taxonomic status of this species. |
State/Area
Protection
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State/Area |
Rank |
Status |
Date |
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Illinois |
S1 |
LE |
1/1/2002 |
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Indiana |
S1 |
LE |
1/1/2002 |
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Virginia |
S1 |
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5/1/2002 |
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| Conservation,
Ecology & Research |
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Ecological
Relationships
Threats
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deer browsing
drought and hot weather
trampling and picking
loss of habitat
herbicides
competition with invasive species
predation by insects and feral goats (Virginia population)
fire suppression
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Current Research Summary
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Tracey Bodo Slotta, a graduate student at Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University studied the phylogenetics of the genus Iliamna (Malvaceae) using the internal transcribed spacer region. (Bodo Slotta 2000, Bodo Slotta & Porter 2001) |
Current Management Summary
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The island where this species was originally discovered is currently protected, and habitat is managed for the species. |
Research Management Needs
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Continued research into the taxonomic status of this and other species in the Iliamna genus. |
Ex Situ Needs
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| Books (Sections)
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| Kartesz, J.T. 1999. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the U.S., Canada, and Greenland. In: Kartesz, J.T.; Meacham, C.A., editors. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden. Chapel Hill, NC. |
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| Conference Proceedings
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| Bodo Slotta, T.A.; Porter, D.M. Population Genetics in Iliamna using ISSRs. Botany 2001 "Plants and People"; August 12 - 16, 2001; Albuquerque Convention Center, Albuquerque, New Mexico. 2001. |
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| Electronic Sources
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| USDA. (2002). Fire Effects System, [Online]. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, Fire Sciences Laboratory. http://www.fs.fed.us/database/feis/. Accessed: 2002. |
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| Journal Articles
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| Baskin, J.M.; Baskin, C.C. 1997. Methods of breaking seed dormancy in the endangered species Iliamna corei (Sherff) Sherff (Malvaceae), with special attention to heating. Natural Areas Journal. 17, 4: 313-323. |
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| Baskin, J.M.; Snyder, K.M.; Walck, J.L.; Baskin, C.C. 1997. The comparative autecology of endemic, globally-rare, and geographically-widespread, common plant species: Three case studies. Southwestern Naturalist. 42, 4: 384-399. |
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| Bates, D.M.; Blanchard, O.J, Jr. 1970. Chromosome numbers in the Malvales II: New or otherwise noteworthy counts relevant to classification in the Malvaceae tribe Malveae. American Journal of Botany. 57: 927-934. |
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| Chasan, R. 1996. Singeing or sulfuric acid does the job. BioScience. 46, 11: 800. |
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| Fryxell, P.A. 1997. The American genera of Malvaceae II. Brittonia. 49: 204-269. |
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| Greene, E.L. 1906. Certain malvaceous types. Leaflets of Botanical Observation and Criticism. 205-209. |
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| Sher, E.E. 1949. Further notes on Iliamna. American Journal of Botany. 36: 502-503. |
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| Sherff, E.E. 1946. Notes on Certain Plants in the Gray's Manual Range. Rhodora. 48, 569: 89-98. |
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| Stewart, C.N., Jr.; Rosson, G.; Shirley, B.W.; Porter, D.M. 1996. Population genetic variation in rare and endangered Iliamna (Malvaceae) in Virginia. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society. 58, 3: 357-369. |
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| Stewart, C.N.; Porter, D.M. 1995. RAPD Profiling in Biological Conservation - an Application to Estimating Clonal Variation in Rare and Endangered Iliamna in Virginia. Biological Conservation. 74, 2: 135-142. |
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| Swinehart, A.L.; Jacobs, M.E. 1998. Rediscovery, status and preservation of the endangered Kankakee Globe Mallow (Iliamna remota) in Indiana. Rhodora. 100: 82-87. |
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| Wheeler, L. 1997. Germination Ecology of Iliamna remota. CBCN Newsletter. 7-8. |
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| Wiggins, I.L. 1936. A resurrection and revision of the genus Iliamna Greene. Contributions from the Dudley Herbarium, Stanford University. 1: 213-229. |
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| Reports
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| TNC. 1987. The Nature Conservancy Stewardship Abstracts. The Nature Conservancy. p.104. |
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| Theses
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| Slotta, T.A.B. 2000. Phylogenetic analysis of Iliamna (Malvaceae) using the internal transcribed spacer region. [M.S. Thesis]: Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. |
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