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Conserving and restoring
America's native plants |
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CPC National Collection Plant Profile
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Ilex collina
| Family: |
Aquifoliaceae (Holly Family) |
| Common Name: |
Long-stalked Holly |
| Taxon Synonym: |
Nemopanthus collinus |
| Author: |
Alexander |
| Growth
Habit: |
Shrub |
| CPC
Number: |
2306 |
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| Photographer:
Rob Nicholson |
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| Photographer:
Rob Nicholson |
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| Primary
custodian for this plant in the CPC National Collection of Endangered
Plants is: |
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| Irina Kadis contributed to this Plant Profile. |
Ilex collina
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Ilex collina, a long-stalked holly, is a deciduous shrub of great ornamental potential. It is a multi-stemmed shrub growing to 10 feet, with large berries that range in color from dark scarlet-red to orange and yellow (Small 1933, Strausbaugh and Core 1978, Gleason and Cronquist 1991).
The nomenclatural status of I. collina has changed over the years. It was proposed as a distinct species by E. J. Alexander in 1941. He listed the characters that make I. collina different from I. longipes Chapm. (Brooks 1940) and stated that his new species was related to I. montana Torrey & Gray. Ten years later, Woods (1951) pointed to the affinity of I. collina with I. verticillata (L.) Gray. He described the range of I. collina: from Randolph Co., WV to Smythe Co., VA. In 1957 (Edwin), it was found that the Ilex species clearly showed that there was no significant difference between I. collina and I. longipes and therefore I. collina was reduced to the synonym of I. Longipes. There is still much doubt regarding the taxonomic status of this species.
| Distribution
& Occurrence |
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State Range
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North Carolina
Virginia
West Virginia |
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Habitat
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I. collina can be found growing on hills (Strausbaugh and Core 1978). |
Distribution
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This mid-Appalachian species has a very restricted range; it is known from Nicholas, Pocahontas, Randolph and Webster Counties in West Virginia (Nicholson 1987). |
Number Left
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Remaining sites and individual number is unknown. |
State/Area
Protection
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State/Area |
Rank |
Status |
Date |
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North Carolina |
S1 |
T |
1/1/2002 |
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Virginia |
S2 |
E |
5/1/2002 |
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West Virginia |
S3 |
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6/1/2000 |
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| Conservation,
Ecology & Research |
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Ecological
Relationships
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Ecological relationships are unknown. |
Threats
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Habitat destruction and general urbanization. |
Current Research Summary
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• Propagation from seed: 1 month of warm and 3 months of cold stratification (immature embryo) (Nicholson 1987).
• Propagation from softwood cuttings: difficult, in June, treat with 5,000 ppm K-IBA, under mist. Yields about 20% rooting rate. |
Current Management Summary
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No formalized management plan has been designed because this species is not listed as threatened or endangered. |
Research Management Needs
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There is urgent need for a taxonomic study of I. collina, as there is much doubt about its distinctiveness as a species (Bass 1984). |
Ex Situ Needs
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| Books (Single Authors)
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| Gleason, H.A.; Cronquist, A. 1991. Manual of Vascular Plants of Northeastern United States and Adjacent Canada. Bronx: The New York Botanical Garden. |
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| Small, J.K. 1933. Manual of the southeastern flora. New York, NY: Hafner Publishing Company. 1505p. |
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| Strausbaugh, P.D.; Core, E.L. 1978. Flora of West Virginia. Grantsville, West Virginia: Seneca Books, Incorporated. 1079p. |
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| Books (Sections)
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| Kartesz, J.T. 1999. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the U.S., Canada, and Greenland. In: Kartesz, J.T.; Meacham, C.A., editors. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden. Chapel Hill, NC. |
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| Conference Proceedings
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| Porter, D.M. Virginia's Endangered Species: Proceeding of a Symposium. Nongame and Endangered Species Program, Virginia Dept. of Game and Inland Fisheries.; Blacksburg, VA. In: Terwilliger, Karen, editor. 1991. The MacDonald and Woodward Publishing Co. |
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| Electronic Sources
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| (2002). New York Botanical Garden--The Virtual Herbarium. [Searchable Web site] New York Botanical Garden. Fordham Road Bronx, New York. http://scisun.nybg.org:8890/searchdb/owa/wwwspecimen.searchform. Accessed: 2002. |
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| (2002). Plant Center. [Searchable Web site] University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill -- Herbarium. http://www.ibiblio.org/pic/herbarium.htm. Accessed: 2002. |
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| Journal Articles
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| Alexander, E.J. 1941. Two new species from the southern Appalachians. Castanea. 6: 30-32. |
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| Ammons, N.; Core, E.L. 1945. The Hollies of West Virginia. Castanea. 10: 57-60. |
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| Baas, P. 1984. Vegetative Anatomy and the Taxonomic Status of Ilex collina and Nemopanthus (Aquifoliaceae). Journal of the The Arnold Arboretum of Harvard University. 65: 243-250. |
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| Brooks, A.B. 1936. A new holly for West Virginia. Journal of the Southern Appalachian Botanical Club. 1: 83-85. |
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| Brooks, M. 1940. A new form of Ilex longipes Chapman. Castanea. 5, 2: 15-16. |
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| Edwin, G. 1957. Notes on Ilex. Rhodora. 59: 20-22. |
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| Woods, F. 1951. The status of Ilex collina. Castanea. 16: 126-127. |
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| Reports
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| Nicholson, R.G. 1987. Propagation of some woody endemics of eastern North America. Jamaica Plain, MA: Arnold Arboretum. p.12. Notes from a talk given by author in 1987. |
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