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Conserving and restoring
America's native plants |
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CPC National Collection Plant Profile
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Hastingsia bracteosa
| Family: |
Liliaceae (Lily Family) |
| Common Names: |
large-flower rushlily, large-flowered rush-lily |
| Taxon Synonyms: |
Hastingsia bracteosa var. bracteosa, Schoenolirion bracteosum |
| Author: |
S. Watson |
| Growth
Habit: |
Perennial |
| CPC
Number: |
2146 |
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| Primary
custodian for this plant in the CPC National Collection of Endangered
Plants is: |
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| Edward Guerrant, Ph.D. contributed to this Plant Profile. |
Hastingsia bracteosa
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This lily with long, slender leaves can be found with both purple and white flowers. White-flowered plants (Hastingsia bracteosa var. bracteosa) are found in the north of the 12-mile (20-km) range while purple-flowered plants (var. atropurpurea) are found in the south (Lang and Zika 1997). These two forms were once classified as different species, as they were thought to have very different morphological characters, were not found in the same areas, and there was no evidence of hybrids or intermediates. Recent studies have shown that they are very similar morphologically and genetically (Lang and Zika 1997). The two color forms have now been found growing together in only one moist meadow along with plants of intermediate color (purple, pink, and white all growing together), and they appear capable of crossing with each other. This one meadow forms a transition zone between white and purple forms along the narrow range of the species.
| Distribution
& Occurrence |
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State Range
Habitat
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Bogs, moist open meadows, seeps and wetlands often overlying serpentine or peridotite rock formations. The areas are open, at low elevations (generally below 800 ft (240 m)), and may have a gentle slope of 5-30 degrees. |
Distribution
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A narrow 12-mi (20-km) long zone from Eight Dollar Mt. south to Woodcock Mt. in the Illinois Valley of southwest Oregon. |
Number Left
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There are approximately 30 occurrences of H. bracteosa var. bracteosa in Oregon. They are primarily on federal land (Forest Service and BLM), with a few on private lands. Population numbers range from about 75 to as many as 20,000. There are approximately 14 occurrences of H. bracteosa var. atropurpurea, with population numbers from 50 to 5,000. All known populations of var. atropurpurea are on federal land (ONHDB 2000). |
State/Area
Protection
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State/Area |
Rank |
Status |
Date |
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Oregon |
S2 |
LT |
7/12/1995 |
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| Conservation,
Ecology & Research |
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Ecological
Relationships
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The beautiful and sweet-smelling flowers pollinated by bumblebees, honeybees, wasps and possibly Hesperidae butterflies (Becking 1982). Seeds most likely remain near the parent plant after dispersal. Seeds are heavy, ruling out wind dispersal. They do not have bristles, so they cannot easily be transported long distances by adhering to animal fur, and the ripe capsules do not remain fleshy, so it is unlikely that capsules are eaten and seeds dispersed in animal scat (Becking 1982). |
Threats
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• Severely affected by cattle grazing (Biosystems Analysis, Inc. 1981). Cattle graze the leaves as well as the flowering stalk (Becking 1982)
• Mining activities - Eight Dollar Mountain has mineral right deposits of laterite (Becking 1982).
• Water diversion from bogs (Becking, 1982).
• ORV use (Lang and Zika 1997).
• Land Development (Lang and Zika 1997). |
Current Research Summary
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• Populations of both H. bracteosa and H. atropurpurea were examined to see if major morphological differences existed. None were found. Authors propose to reduce the later to H. bracteosa var. atropurpurea. (Lang and Zika 1997).
• Identification of insect pollinators. (David Gordon, in Becking, 1982).
• Field investigations to determine suitable habitat for H. bracteosa. Hastingsia bracteosa was associated with the open-meadow, sloping Darlingtonia bogs on serpentine formations (Becking 1982).
• Germination trials at The Berry Botanic Garden showed that moist chilling is required for germination. Seeds of Hastingsia bracteosa var. bracteosa were subjected to four tests: Direct placement in either 68°F (20°C) or alternating 50°/68°F (10°/20°C) and 8 weeks of cold stratification followed by placement in either 68°F (20°C) or 50°/68°F (10°/20°C). Only seeds subjected to a period of cold stratification germinated. 100% of the seeds germinated in the 20° treatment and 70% germinated in the alternating temperature treatment (BBG file). |
Current Management Summary
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• Darlingtonia bogs on some private land have been protected through an agreement with The Nature Conservancy (Becking 1982).
• A few sites of Hastingsia bracteosa var. bracteosa are on federal land designated as an Area of Critical Environmental Concern (ACEC).
• One site of Hastingsia bracteosa var. atropurpurea is on land designated as a Research Natural Area (RNA).
• Formerly a candidate for Federal listing until it was removed in 1996. Hastingsia bracteosa var. bracteosa is a Species of Concern with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and Listed Threatened by the State of Oregon. Hastingsia bracteosa var. atropurpurea is a Species of Concern with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and is a Candidate for listing with the State of Oregon. |
Research Management Needs
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• Complete protection of Darlingtonia bogs (Becking 1982).
• Discontinue all water diversion from bog sites (Becking 1982).
• Consider for listing if population numbers decrease (Lang and Zika 1997). |
Ex Situ Needs
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• Collect and store seeds from representative populations, making sure to include both white and purple forms.
• Determine optimum germination conditions.
• Develop reliable propagation and re-introduction protocols. |
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| Books (Single Authors)
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| Eastman, D.C. 1990. Rare and Endangered Plants of Oregon. Beautiful America Publishing Company. 194p. |
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| ONHP. 2001. Rare, Threatened and Endangered Plants and Animals of Oregon. Portland, Oregon: Oregon Natural Heritage Program. 94p. |
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| Webb, L. 1988. A Guide: to sensitive plants of the Siskiyou National Forest. Forest Service, USDA. Pacific Northwest Region, Siskiyou National Forest. 255p. |
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| Electronic Sources
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| (2000). CalFlora: on California plants for education, research and conservation. [web application]. Berkeley, California: The CalFlora Database [a non-profit organization]. http://www.calflora.org/.. Accessed: 2002. |
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| ONHDB. (2000). Oregon Natural Heritage Program Database. Portland, Oregon. |
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| Journal Articles
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| 1885. (Original Publication). Proceedings of the Am. Acad. of Arts and Sci. 20, 377 |
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| Lang, F.A.; Zika, P.F. 1997. A Nomenclatural Note on Hastingsia bracteosa and Hastingsia atropurpurea (Liliaceae). Modroño. 44, 2: 189-192. |
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| Sherman, H.L.; Becking, R.W. 1991. The generic distinctness of Schoenolirion and Hastingsia. Madroño. 38, 2: 130-138. |
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| USFWS. 1996. Notice of Reclassification of 96 Candidate Taxa. Federal Register. 61, 40: 7457-7463. |
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| Whittaker, R.H. 1960. Vegetation of the Siskiyou Mountains, Oregon and California. Ecological Monographs. 30, 3: 279-338. |
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| Reports
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| 2000. A Preliminary Proposal for Siskiyou Wild Rivers National Monument. p.13. |
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| Becking, R.W. 1982. Final Report. Scoenolirion bracteosum Ecological Invesigations. Unpublished report. (Rudolf W. Becking, Research Consultant). p.19. |
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| Biosystems Analysis, Inc. 1981. Interim Report I: Literature Survey, Herbarium Survey and Field Work Proposal Result for Hastingsia bracteosa Wats. and Erigeron delicatus Cronq. Unpublished report prepared for US Forest Service. Contract No.: 43-9A47-0-1610. p.9 + appendices. |
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| Gauthier-Warinner, R.J. 1996. Surface Use Determination for the Proposed Plan of Operations of Walter B. Freeman for the Nicore Project. Siskiyou National Forest. United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service. p.16. |
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| Lang, F. 1994. Hastingsia bracteosa/atropurpurea: A Taxonomic Status Report. USDA Forest Service, Siskiyou National Forest. Unpublished report. |
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| Lang, F.; MacDonald, C. 1987. Species Management Guide for Hastingsia bracteosa Wats. Portland, Oregon: The Nature Conservancy of Oregon. |
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