CPC National Collection Plant Profile

Delphinium luteum

Photographer:
Holly Forbes

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CPC National Collection Plant Profile

Delphinium luteum


Family: 
Ranunculaceae  
Common Name: 
yellow larkspur
Author: 
Heller
Growth Habit: 
Forb/herb
CPC Number: 
1382

Distribution
Protection
Conservation
References


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Delphinium luteumenlarge
Photographer: Holly Forbes
hforbes[at]berkeley.edu

Delphinium luteumenlarge
Photographer: Holly Forbes
hforbes[at]berkeley.edu


Delphinium luteum is Partially Sponsored
Primary custodian for this plant in the CPC National Collection of Endangered Plants is: 
Holly Forbes contributed to this Plant Profile.

 
Delphinium luteum


The picturesque coast of California north of San Francisco is the only home for the yellow larkspur. Now found in only two locations, both on private land, it was probably never widely distributed, occurring on rocky areas within coastal scrub at elevations up to 100 meters. Loss of habitat due to quarrying, livestock grazing, development, and overcollecting reduced its numbers to these two occurrences.

Distribution & Occurrence

State Range
  California
State Range of  Delphinium luteum
Habitat
  Yellow Larkspur grows in rocky areas within coastal scrub plant communities, including areas with active rock slides, from sea level to 100 m. in elevation. (USFWS 2002)

Distribution
  Coastal Sonoma County, California. (USFWS 2002)

Number Left
  The two remaining populations total fewer than 80 plants. These numbers fluctuate from year to year. Two ex situ populations are in cultivation in Sonoma County and at the University of California Botanical Garden at Berkeley. (USFWS 2002)

Protection

Global Rank:  
G1
 
5/11/2005
Guide to Global Ranks
Federal Status:  
LE
 
1/26/2000
Guide to Federal Status
Recovery Plan:  
No
 

State/Area Protection
  State/Area Rank Status Date  
  California S1.1 3 9/1/1979  

Conservation, Ecology & Research

Ecological Relationships
  • The plants are easily grown in cultivation.
• Pollination is by hummingbirds.
• Yellow larkspur is self-compatible, but requires visitation by hummingbirds or insects for good seed set.

Threats
  Threats include:
• rock quarrying activities
• over-collecting
• residential development
• deer and sheep grazing

Current Research Summary
  An examination of the genetic variability of the species and the potential hybrid contamination of two ex situ populations was carried out (Koontz et al. 2001). They found that while the two ex situ populations have somewhat reduced genetic variability in comparison to one of the natural populations, it wasn't significant enough to bar using them in a future introduction effort, nor was there any evidence of hybridization in cultivation.

Current Management Summary
  The two populations are not under any management program.

Research Management Needs
  More information on this species' life history, environmental requirements, pollination biology, and seed dispersal will be needed to promote a successful reintroduction effort. The USFWS will be designating critical habitat for the yellow larkspur this year (2002).

Ex Situ Needs
  Seed collection of a genetically representative sample is needed for long-term storage.

References

Books (Single Authors)

1997. Flora of North America North of Mexico.

Abrams, L.; Ferris, R.S. 1944. Illustrated Flora of the Pacific States: Washington, Oregon, and California. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.

Books (Sections)

Kartesz, J.T. 1999. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the U.S., Canada, and Greenland. In: Kartesz, J.T.; Meacham, C.A., editors. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden. Chapel Hill, NC.

Books (Edited Volumes)

James C. Hickman, Editor. 1993 The Jepson manual: Higher plants of California. Berkeley: University of California Press. 1400p.

Electronic Sources

(2002). New York Botanical Garden--The Virtual Herbarium. [Searchable Web site] New York Botanical Garden. Fordham Road Bronx, New York. http://scisun.nybg.org:8890/searchdb/owa/wwwspecimen.searchform. Accessed: 2002.

CalPhotos. (2002). CalPhotos: Berkely Digital Library Project. University of California, Berkeley. http://elib.cs.berkeley.edu/photos/. Accessed: 2002.

CDFG. (2002). California's Plants and Animals, Threatened and Endangered Plants. List and Species Accounts. California Department of Fish and Game, Habitat Conservation Planning Branch. http://www.dfg.ca.gov/hcpb/species/t_e_spp/teplant/teplanta.shtml. Accessed: 2002.

USFWS. (2002). Some Threatened & Endangered Plants Found Mainly in California. Sacramento Fish and Wildlife Office, U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. http://sacramento.fws.gov/es/plant_spp_accts/acctplant.htm. Accessed: 2002.

Journal Articles

Forbes, H. 2002. Cultivating Partnerships for the Yellow Larkspur. Endangered Species Bulletin. 27, 3: 22-23.

Koontz, J.A.; Soltis, P.S.; Brunsfeld, S.J. 2001. Genetic diversity and tests of the hybrid origin of the endangered yellow larkspur. Conservation Biology. 15: 1608-1618.

Ornduff, R.; Forbes, H. 1997. Research and the Botanical Garden. University of California Botanical Garden Newsletter. 22, 3: 6-7.

USFWS. 1976. Proposed Endangered Status for 1700 U.S. Plants. Federal Register. 41: 24523-24572.

USFWS. 1997. Proposed endangered status for two larkspurs from coastal northern California. Federal Register. 62, 118: 33383-33387.

USFWS. 1998. Determination of endangered status for two larkspurs from coastal northern California. Federal Register. 65, 17: 4156-4162.

USFWS. 2000. Regional News, Recovery Updates, & Listing Actions. Endangered Species Technical Bulletin. 25, 1-2: 1-7.

USFWS. 2002. Critical Habitat Designation for Two Larkspurs From Coastal Northern California. Federal Register. 67, 117: 41367-41392.

Warnock, M.J. 1990. Taxonomic and Ecological Review of California Delphinium. Collectanea Botanica. 19: 45-74.

Reports

Sanguamphai. 1989. 1988 Annual Report on the Status of California's State Listed Threatened and Endangered Plants and Animals. State of California, Department of Fish and Game.


  This profile was updated on 3/4/2010
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