CPC National Collection Plant Profile
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CPC National Collection Plant Profile
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Platanthera holochila
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Platanthera holochila is Fully Sponsored |
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Primary
custodian for this plant in the CPC National Collection of Endangered
Plants is: |
Nellie Sugii contributed to this Plant Profile. |
| Platanthera holochila | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
Platanthera holochila is one of only three species of orchids endemic to Hawai`i. It is an erect herb whose long stems arise from underground tubers. Its pale green leaves are egg-shaped and greenish-yellow flowers occur on open spikes. Historically, it was known from the Alakai Swamp and Kaholuamano area and the Waihiawa Mountains on Kaua`i, the Ko`olau Mountains on O`ahu, scattered locations on Moloka`i, and various locations on Mau`i. In 1992, Hurricane Iniki devastated the Kauai populations and today, only 1 remaining individual survives in the Alakai Swamp. Platanthera holochila is facing rapid decline and is currently known from only 5 locations on Kaua`i, Moloka`i and Mau`i and presumed extinct on O`ahu.
State Range
Distribution
Number Left
State/Area Protection
Ecological Relationships
Threats
Current Research Summary
Current Management Summary
Research Management Needs
Ex Situ Needs
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References |
Luer, C.A. 1975. The native orchids of the United States and Canada excluding Florida. New York: The New York Botanical Garden. 361p. |
Wagner, W.L.; Bruegmann, M.M.; Herbst, D.R; Lau, J.Q.C. 1999. Hawaiian Vascular Plants at Risk: 1999. Honolulu, HI: Bishop Museum Press Honolulu. |
Wagner, W.L.; Herbst, D.R.; Sohmer, S.H. 1999. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i--Revised Edition. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press and Bishop Museum Press. 1853p. |
Kartesz, J.T. 1999. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the U.S., Canada, and Greenland. In: Kartesz, J.T.; Meacham, C.A., editors. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden. Chapel Hill, NC. |
Loope, L.L.; Medeiros, A.C. 1994. Impacts of biological invasions on the management and recovery of rare plants in Haleakala National Park, Maui, Hawaiian Islands. In: Bowles, M.L.; Whelan, C., editors. Recovery and Restoration of Endangered Species. Cambridge University Press. Cambridge. p 143-158. |
(2002). Hawaiian Native Plant Genera. ¬ Gerald D. Carr, University of Hawaii Botany Department. http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/natives.htm. Accessed: 2002. |
Kores, P. 1979. A review of the literature on Hawaiian orchids. Newsletter of the Hawaiian Botanical Society. 18, 3/5: 34-55. |
MacCaughey, V. 1916. The orchids of Hawaii. Plant World. 19: 350-355. |
USFWS. 1995. Proposed endangered or threatened status for fourteen plant taxa from the Hawaiian Islands. Federal Register. 60, 190: 53108-53124. |
USFWS. 1996. Determination of endangered or threatened status for fourteen plant taxa from the Hawaiian Islands. Federal Register. 61, 198: 53108-53124. |
USFWS. 2000. Determinations of Prudency and Designations of Critical Habitat for Plant Species From the Islands of Maui and Kahoolawe, Hawaii. Federal Register. 65, 243: 143. |
USFWS. 2000. Determinations of Whether Designation of Critical Habitat is Prudent for 81 Plants and Proposed Designations for 76 Plants From the Islands of Kauai and Niihau, Hawaii; [Proposed Rule]. Federal Register. 65, 216: 66807-66885. |
USFWS. 2002. Designations of Critical Habitat for Plant Species From the Island of Oahu, Hawaii. Federal Register. 67, 102: 37108-37156. |
USFWS. 2002. Revised Determinations of Prudency and Proposed Designations of Critical Habitat for Plant Species From the Island of Molokai, Hawaii. Federal Register. 67, 66: 16492-16579. |
USFWS. 2002. Revised Determinations of Prudency and Proposed Designations of Critical Habitat for Plant Species from the Islands of Kauai and Niihau, Hawaii. Federal Register. 67, 18: 3940-4098. |
USFWS. 2002. Revised Determinations of Prudency and Proposed Designations of Critical Habitat for Plant Species From the Islands of Maui and Kahoolawe. Federal Register. 67, 64: 15856-15987. |
Walker, J.H. 1994. Intrepid trio (conservation of native Hawaiian orchids). American Horticulturist. 73: 38-41. |
Wiesner, M.B. 1995. Natives at Risk: Prairie fringed orchids. American Horticulturist. 74: 11. |
MISC. 2001. Maui Invasive Species Committee (MISC), Pulling Together Initiative. 2002 Project Proposal. Submitted to the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation. p.14. |
USFWS. 1995. News Release: 42 Hawaiian Plants Proposed for Listing as Threatened, Endangered Species. Honolulu, HI: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service - Region 1. p.3. |
USFWS. 1999. Recovery Plan for Multi-Island Plants. Portland, Oregon: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. p.206 + appendices. |
USFWS. 2001. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Species List. March 30, 2000. Honolulu: Unpublished. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. p.19. |
| This profile was updated on 3/4/2010 |