National Collection of Imperiled Plants

CPC National Collection Plant Profile

Photographer:

Winifred Singeo

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CPC National Collection Plant Profile

Gardenia mannii

Family:	Rubiaceae
Common Name:	Mann's gardenia
Author:	St. John & Kuykend.
Growth Habit:	Tree
CPC Number:	7618

Distribution
Protection
Conservation
References

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Photographer: Winifred Singeo
wsingeo[at]co.honolulu.hi.us

Gardenia mannii is Not Sponsored

Primary custodian for this plant in the CPC National Collection of Endangered Plants is:

Honolulu Botanical Gardens

Winnie Singeo contributed to this Plant Profile.

Gardenia mannii

This member of the coffee family is a tree that grows to a height of up to 50 ft (15 m). Lance- to elliptic-shaped leaves have a sticky, glossy upper surface, and are clustered toward the tips of branches. Solitary flowers form at branch ends and are cream/white colored. These fragrant blossoms open in the late afternoon and last for about two days. (Wagner et al. 1999; USFWS 1996)

Distribution & Occurrence

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State Range

Hawaii

Habitat

Found on moderate to moderately steep gulch slopes between 980 and 2,460 feet in elevation. Medium to wet forests.

Distribution

Grows in the Koolau and Waianae Mountain Ranges on the island of Oahu, Hawaii.

Number Left

27 populations total between 70 and 100 individuals, with 23 of the 27 populations each containing 5 or fewer individuals (USFWS 1996)

Protection

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Global Rank:	G1	11/25/1989	Guide to Global Ranks
Federal Status:	LE	12/12/1996	Guide to Federal Status
Recovery Plan:	Yes	8/10/1998

State/Area Protection

	State/Area	Rank	Status	Date
	Hawaii	S1	LE	4/11/2002

Conservation, Ecology & Research

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Ecological Relationships

Co-dominates with Ohia (Metrosideros spp.) and grows with a mix of native plants.

Threats

As cited by the USFWS in 1996 when the species was listed as Federally Endangered, threats include:
� Habitat degradation and/or destruction by feral pigs
� Potential damaging impacts from military activities
� Competition with alien plants such as Koster's curse, prickly Florida blackberry, and strawberry guava
� Potential fires and other extinction risks from naturally-occurring events
� Reduced reproductive vigor due to the widely dispersed, small number of remaining individuals in the wild

Current Research Summary

Tissue culture research is currently being done at the Lyon Arboretum, Hawaii. (Sugii 2001)

Current Management Summary

Gardenia mannii are primarily being grown in the plant nursery at Wahiawa Botanical Garden. Some plants are outplanted at Hoomaluhia Botanical Garden, located near the Koolau Mountains.

Research Management Needs

Symbiotic relationships, if any
Water relations research
Susceptibility to diseases and pests

Ex Situ Needs

Propagation/long-term plant maintenance information.

References

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Books (Single Authors)

Wagner, W.L.; Herbst, D.R.; Sohmer, S.H. 1999. Manual of the flowering plants of Hawai'i--Revised Edition. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaii Press and Bishop Museum Press. 1853p.

Books (Sections)

Kartesz, J.T. 1999. A synonymized checklist of the vascular flora of the U.S., Canada, and Greenland. In: Kartesz, J.T.; Meacham, C.A., editors. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden. Chapel Hill, NC.

Electronic Sources

(2002). Hawaiian Native Plant Genera. � Gerald D. Carr, University of Hawaii Botany Department. http://www.botany.hawaii.edu/faculty/carr/natives.htm. Accessed: 2002.

Journal Articles

Huppman, L. 1995. Hawa'i's Gardenias. The Kukui Leaf. 22: 6-7.

USFWS. 1995. Proposed Endangered Status for Twenty-five Plant Species from the Island of Oahu, HI. Federal Register. 60, 190: 51398-51417.

USFWS. 1996. Determination of Endangered Status for Twenty-five Plant Species from the Island of Oahu, Hawaii. Federal Register. 61, 198: 53089-53108.

USFWS. 2002. Designations of Critical Habitat for Plant Species From the Island of Oahu, Hawaii. Federal Register. 67, 102: 37108-37156.

Personal Communications

Sugii, N. 2001. Personal communication with Nellie Sugii, Lyon Arboretum (email July 27, 2001). To Winifred Singeo, Honolulu Botanical Gardens.

Reports

TNC. 2000. Honouliuli Preserve Master Plan. The Nature Conservancy. Web site;.

USFWS. 1995. News Release: 42 Hawaiian Plants Proposed for Listing as Threatened, Endangered Species. Honolulu, HI: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service - Region 1. p.3.

USFWS. 1998. Recovery Plan for Oahu Plants. Portland, Oregon: U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service. p.207 , plus appendices. Final Recovery Plan.

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This profile was updated on 3/4/2010